Legal Liberalism Calls For Equality - 1680 Words

Legal liberalism calls for equality before the law; it was a manner to ensure that there shall be equality before all citizens, protecting them from unjust statutes or acts the state may incorporate. However, despite the protections in our constitution, there are instances in American history where the Supreme Court has endorsed other branches to violate or limit its citizens’ economic freedom. In this essay I will cite court cases and documents that incited conflict, most notably â€Å"substantive due process† and â€Å"liberty of contract.† In light of these cases it prompted a massive transformation in constitutional jurisprudence such as Equal protections clause, right to privacy, and criminal defendants’ rights that moved the nation towards†¦show more content†¦In reaction, the butchers filed a lawsuit claiming that this Louisiana law violated their fundamental rights to pursue happiness and to pursue their calling as butchers. They argued th at the right was protected under the privileges or immunities clause of the 14th amendment, which had been ratified in 1848. In a 5-4 decision, the supreme Court conflicted with the butchers’ reasoning. The Supreme Court ruled that the monopoly inflicted by the state did not violate the 13th and 14th amendments (privilege and immunities clause); in other words, the claim did not forbid limits on the rights to use one’s property (Lecture). Essentially, the Supreme Court rendered the â€Å"privileges and immunities† clause of the 14th amendment insignificant. In the Field and Bradley dissent, they argue that the purpose of the immunities clause was to limit state action, Bradley went so far as to incorporating the Bill of Rights into the dissent. The Slaughter house case is one of the Supreme Court’s worst decisions plus an example of the U.S. violating its Constitution. The 14th amendment, privileges and immunities clause states: â€Å"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the

Instinct and circumstance Free Essays

Buber believes, that then â€Å"I† of the human is double, and relative to the relationships into which it enters. The â€Å"I† that replies to â€Å"Thou† is vastly different from the â€Å"I† that replies to â€Å"It†. Every act of saying I is an act of being I in one of these ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Instinct and circumstance or any similar topic only for you Order Now I-It is any being as experience, analytic, I-Thou is the being as a relationship, synthetic. There is nothing in particular to be known about the Thou, it can only be understood in its wholeness and not known. We see it clearly and yet cannot tell the details. I-Thou comes before I-It, it is the basic â€Å"main word†. It is the first comprehension of the Other. But I-Thou is doomed to be come I-It as we familiarize ourselves with it and find a utilitarian approach to the Other. And yet I-It may become I-Thou if the scrutinizing man chooses to further the relationship and not look at the details of the one with who he is interacting, but at its essence. Still, it is impossible to live in the I-Thou mode constantly, for it is being only in the present and paying attention only to the present. Deep and essential it may be, and yet fickle and does not bode well for survival. As Buber puts it, â€Å"The human being cannot live without the It. But the one who lives only with the It is not a human being†, as these few fickle moments are the most direct manifestation of what makes us human – our ability to dialog directly. A growing civilization means a growing world of It, because each new civilization gathers within itself the â€Å"It† of the previous culture. It is usually falsely called a growth of spiritual life, but this is not true: spiritual life is the domain of the I-Thou, a response to the Absolute, while the growth of cognitive capacity generally diminishes the capability for having a true Relationship. The I-It word is nothing bad, unless it attempts to take the place of its rightful counterpart, as one is useless without the other. If one divides the â€Å"spheres of interest† of the Thou and It, he will get communities with nothing in common on one hand and feelings without substance on the other, a divided and sad existence. Buber speaks of two opposite pairs: of freedom and destiny and of necessity and fate. The first belong to I-Thou, the second to I-It. Destiny is a measure of self-actualization: only the person who has achieved freedom and understood what he is and what he truly desires can find his destiny. On the other hand, he who gives in to the laws of necessity and causality and does not act from the very depths of his being discounting causality meets the jaws of fate as his form of existence. He is the toy of the forces beyond him, while the man who follows his destiny rides the waves. Any culture generally starts on the impulse of I-Thou and declines on I-It, as does the human being. Buber differentiates between the Will and the self-will. The first is the grand impulse to meet with one’s destiny, to participate in the dialog. The second is merely the fickle desires of the limited human being, the lesser will controlled by instinct and circumstance. It is up to every human to choose what path he will take. This is the difference between individuality and personality, between learning one’s boundaries by creating more of them or by destroying them – the result, in the end, is one and the same, but how different the experience! It is the choice between living in a mortal world or of mingling – even but momentarily – with Eternity itself. By relating the boundaries of the I-Thou one shapes them, as well, and creates them in a living response to outside circumstance, in dialog with it. By putting up walls in the I-It relationship, one distances oneself from the world, and is unable to react to any situation at hand, he may merely remember and try to act according to experience. There is no external difference between how the men in I-Thou and in I-It live. Both interact with the outside world, the man in I-Thou does not stop seeing the differences between things, lost in dialog. The difference is internal. For the man in I-Thou it is all a part of one living dialog. For the man in I-It, things are separate and only vaguely related. The man in I-Thou is interdependent on his dialog with the Absolute, but the Absolute is dependent on him, as well. The man in I-It thinks himself free but is dependent upon a thousand things. These two states are strangely interrelated. The stronger the It takes its hold on the I, the stronger the epiphanies the personal relationship of the I-Thou variety brings. Only through the greatest darkness will there be the greatest light, only through the loss of the word – dialog, only by going to the edges of fate can we know freedom, and through causality we learn the ways of destiny. Such are the cycles of the world in its eternal revolution. How to cite Instinct and circumstance, Papers

Breast Cancer Essay Paper Example For Students

Breast Cancer Essay Paper INCIDENCEBreast cancer is the most common malignancy among women and has the highest fatality rate of all cancers affecting this sex. It is the leading cause of death among women aged 35-54. In 1999 an estimated 175,000 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. That is one woman every three minutes. At the same time 43,000 will die, at the rate of one every two minutes. The incidence of men diagnosed with breast cancer is rare, however it does occur. Approximately 1,300 men a year are diagnosed, and 400 die annually due to the disease. A total of 75% of all breast cancers occur in women with no known risk factors. 80% of breast cancers occur in women aged 50 and up. The mortality rate would decrease if every woman over 50 was informed and followed guidelines. When confined to the breast, the survival rate is 95%. We will write a custom essay on Breast Cancer Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Studies have shown that more white women than black women get breast cancer, however more black women die of breast cancer because they are not diagnosed at an early stage. SIGNS AND SYMPTONS Most breast cancers appear as a slowly growing, painless mass, though a vague discomfort may be present. Physical signs include a retracted nipple, bleeding from the nipple, distorted areola or breast contour, skin dimpling over the lesion, attachment of the mass to surrounding tissues including the underlying fascia and overlying skin, and enlarged lymph nodes. In most advanced stages of the disease the skin nodules with ultimate breakdown and ulcer formation may be seen. Metastases should be sought immediately so that further spread will not be a factor. Among the common sites of metastases are the lungs and pleura, the skeleton (specifically the spine, pelvis, and skull), and the liver. Whenever possible, distant spread of the disease should be confirmed by a lymph nose biopsy, by x-ray, or by liver and bone scans using radioactive isotopes. WHO IS AT RISK? All women and men are at risk of getting breast cancer. However personal history with family members having breast cancer adds an increase to the risk factor. Contradictory to this though studies have shown that 75% of breast cancer occurs in women with no history and no known risk factors. Not ever having children, or having ones first child after 30 yrs., also increases the risk of breast cancer in women. Heavy alcohol abuse is a risk factor as well. Studies have also shown that women who began menstruation early, twelve years or less, and women who began menopause late, fifty-five years plus, also have a greater risk of breast cancer. PREVENTION There are three ways to attempt to detect prevention, however since there is no cure, one cannot determine what actions to take to prevent. The most common technique for early detection is by a regular doctors examination. The second technique at detecting breast cancer is by a breast self-examination (BSE), and lastly, by mammogram. BSE should begin when a woman is eighteen or older, so that the breast is fully developed. During the BSE women should begin to learn what is normal and what is not in their breasts. Mammography is the best method at detecting breast cancer. A woman should have a mammogram when she is 40 yrs. old, and then one every two years until she is 50 yrs. old. Once a woman is 50 yrs. old she should have a mammogram annually because as ones age increases, so does the risk of getting breast cancer. Many women also need to be educated about the risks of breast cancer and how to detect it early. The majority of women with breast cancer do not know about the fortunateness of detecting breast cancer early, never mind follow the detection guidelines. TREATMENT Therapy depends mainly on the extent of the disease and the patients age. .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18 , .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18 .postImageUrl , .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18 , .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18:hover , .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18:visited , .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18:active { border:0!important; } .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18:active , .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18 .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54dcf6ffc49aeac3f823fad021608f18:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Maturity Essay If there is evidence of wider metastasic spread, treatment will be palliative. This means that treatment will lessen the severity of pain, however it will not cure. When there is no evidence of spread, the treatment of choice is total mastectomy and modified radical mastectomy. This is an entire or partial removal of the affected breast. In the best circumstances, the 10 yr. survival rate is greater than 50%. However these clinical cures may recur with fatal outcome as late as 20 yr after surgery. Total or Partial Mastectomy Is now accepted as an equivalent alternative to conventional radical mastectomy for the treatment of all primary operable breast cancers. The entire, or partial area of, breast is removed together with virtually all of the axillary lymph nodes, but since the pectoral muscles are preserved their function is left intact, the cosmetic result is far superior. In addition, the procedure leads to far better breast reconstruction using implants that often can be inserted 6-12 mos. after surgery. Radiotherapy This technique is sometimes used instead of surgery. After a radical Mastectomy if additional metastases are found, the internal lymph node chain may be irradiated because of the high incidence of occult lymph node metastases in this area when the disease has already reached the axilla. For recurrent cancer, palliative radiotherapy can be valuable in controlling local chest wall or cervical lymph node recurrences and relieving pain from skeletal metastases. Irradiation is of little value for large internal metastases. Hormonal Therapy This treatment has proven to be of the greatest use in palliation of symptoms or in delaying the advancement of breast cancer. It is most often combined with radiotherapy when cancer recurs following a mastectomy and when the tumour is so advanced that surgery is not indicated or is palliative. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is useful in patients that have a high risk of developing recurrent cancer after a mastectomy.. Chemotherapy is used in the management of patients with recurrent breast cancer usually after the failure of previous hormonal manipulations. A variety of chemotherapeutic agents are used in various combinations, sometimes with a corticosteroid to suppress endogenous adrenal function or with the estrogen antagonist tamoxifen. (Quote) The agents in chemotherapy have demonstrated value in halting or delaying the appearance of metastases, especially in premenopausal patients, and in treating recurrences.

The Competition NSSA Nationals Essay Example

The Competition NSSA Nationals Essay Today was the day I was entered in the NSSA National Competition. This will be the first competition since the accident. I can see the images replaying in my head as I lay wide awake in my bed, dreading to get this day started with. â€Å"Bethany.† My dad yelled from downstairs. â€Å"Yes!† I exclaimed back. â€Å"Come downstairs for breakfast NOW!† He said. I sighed. So I lazily rolled out of my bed and walked downstairs. â€Å"Good morning Dad.† I said. My father was in his early fifty’s, tall, blonde hair, and has a slim beer belly. â€Å"Good morning Bethany.† He replied back. â€Å"Today is the big day, are you ready?† as he handed me a plate with two pancakes with syrup and a slice of turkey bacon. â€Å"Yes I am ready and excited but I do feel a little nervous. I haven’t been in the water for a few months and I don’t how it will feel surfing with one arm.† I sighed. After breakfast, I showered and got ready for my competition. I gathered my accessories and headed to car the car where my dad was waiting for me. â€Å"You ready?† he said. I sighed â€Å"Yes.† I sighed. We drove to Ha’ena beach in Kauai, Hawaii, where I was attacked. Excitement and anxiety arose in me not only, because I was excited to surf and compete but because this is where I lost my arm. We arrived to the beach, before I got out of the car I said just a little prayer â€Å"Lord, please get me through this competition and keep me safe.† I walked out the car and down to the beach with my custom-made surfboard that was now longer and thicker to make it easier to paddle in my right arm. People were waving, smiling and wishing me good luck before my competition. That really boosted my confidence up. The competition has just begun, I watched a few surfers compete and they were amazing. I was kind of a little nervous now. Especially now that it is my turn . â€Å"Number eight Bethany Hamilton, please walk towards the water.† the announcer said. I picked up my surfboard We will write a custom essay sample on The Competition NSSA Nationals specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Competition NSSA Nationals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Competition NSSA Nationals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

When the programme starts it is pitch black and you can only see the outline of the word lost Essays

When the programme starts it is pitch black and you can only see the outline of the word lost Essays When the programme starts it is pitch black and you can only see the outline of the word lost Essay When the programme starts it is pitch black and you can only see the outline of the word lost Essay When the programme starts it is pitch black and you can only see the outline of the word lost written out in white, gradually the word comes nearer to the screen and the word lost appears on the screen slanted coloured in, in a shocking white. While the word lost is spinning there is a scary eerie music. The next thing we see is a white man wearing a dark blue suite with a black tie and a white shirt which is smothered in dirt. He has a closely cut shaven head and a scar on his left cheek which is dripping with blood, the man is very attractive and handsome looking this is very generic of the producers to put a handsome man on any programme, that the female audience would be interested not the programme particularly but the handsomeness of the main character Jack. His whole face and clothes are dirty and the man looks frighten and looks up in shock of where he has landed when he does look up we can see the bright green exotic trees towering over him. And the s un slightly covered by the trees. There is some eerie music in the background while the man tries to get up, he is puffing and sounds out of breath. From behind him a big dog comes and barks in his face and runs off again. The man thinking that the dog may lead him somewhere, the man follows him, running and puffing felling out of breath. While the man is running the same eerie music is on, suggesting to the audience that someone or something may be following him or when the dog leads him to somewhere. Someone or something maybe waiting for him. As the sharp edits of the trees disappears the man sees a clear blue sea that stretches for miles upon miles. To the left of the shot he sees a plane on fire and people running away from it. A fat man with hair that comes to his shoulders appears, he has a chubby face with squinted eyes and a green, greyish t- shirt, and he is wearing brown shorts. He says something to Jack the main character but it is blocked by the others screaming and crying , this is very typical of a cha racter this is in all programme and films , the character that hasnt got many friends and the one that is an outside. Its also generic as mostly the character that is an outsider, that character is always fat, overweight or chubby. However this character may play a vital role during the episode or during the series in helping the main character or characters. In the corner of his eye he sees the right wing of the plane about to break and most of it detached from the body of the plane and about to fall onto a blonde haired women. Jack runs over to her, running in the white hot sand he manages to save the women by lifting her up and running to safer place away from the plane. As the wing of the plane hits the ground there is a massive explosion, there are red hot burning flames everywhere. Jack and women look on in disbelief. The women has long wavy blonde hair that comes down to back she has piercing blue eyes and she to is smothered with dirt and black patches on her face , maybe because of the hot flames from other parts of the plane that caught on fire. She was wearing a white tank top and blue trousers she was showing a bit a cleavage. This is a typical woman that is represented as being the heros fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ or lover. The role of the women being put in danger, when the planes wing was about to drop on her is very typical of a women role and maybe stereotypical as it shows her in a defenceless and venerable way, she calls out him as if she wants someone to save her. She can only be saved if only a strong courageous man can save her, which is the role of jack the main character the hero to do so, even though that may not be his role later on the episode or series, but the charter has been presented with a call to adventure by the women being in danger and jack being called to rescue her in the Jack is reluctant, in case the remain of the plane falls on him. However he saves the women in the end. Afterwards an Indian man with long hair and a black moustache comes along with a ripped white shirt and black trousers and blood all over his hands. He offers them help but Jack and women say agree and the Indian man o ffers to help them. This scene is shown in a good light as it shows that people from different ethnic backgrounds and come together in a desperate time of need and help each other.

The Chemistry and History of Silly Putty

The Chemistry and History of Silly Putty Silly Putty is an amazing stretchy toy thats sold in a plastic egg. In the modern era, you can find many different types of Silly Putty, including types that change colors and glow in the dark. The original product was actually the result of an accident. Silly Putty History James Wright, an engineer at General Electrics New Haven laboratory, may have invented silly putty in 1943 when he accidentally dropped boric acid into silicone oil. Dr. Earl Warrick, of the Dow Corning Corporation, also developed a bouncing silicone putty in 1943. Both GE and Dow Corning were trying to make an inexpensive synthetic rubber to support the war effort. The material resulting from the mixture of boric acid and silicone stretched and bounced farther than rubber, even at extreme temperatures. As an added bonus, the putty copied newspaper or comic-book print. An unemployed copywriter named Peter Hodgson saw the putty at toy store, where it was being marketed for adults as a novelty item. Hodgson bought the production rights from GE and renamed the polymer Silly Putty. He packaged it in plastic eggs because Easter was on the way and introduced it at the International Toy Fair in New York in February of 1950. Silly Putty was a lot of fun to play with, but practical applications for the product werent found until after it became a popular toy. How Silly Putty Works Silly Putty is a viscoelastic liquid or non-Newtonian fluid. It acts primarily as a viscous liquid, though it can have properties of an elastic solid, too. Silly Putty is primarily polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). There are covalent bonds within the polymer, but hydrogen bonds between the molecules. The hydrogen bonds can be readily broken. When small amounts of stress are slowly applied to the putty, only a few of the bonds are broken. Under these condition, the putty flows. When more stress is applied quickly, many bonds are broken, causing the putty to tear. Lets Make Silly Putty! Silly Putty is a patented invention, so specifics are a trade secret. One way to make the polymer is by reacting dimethyldichlorosilane in diethyl ether with water. The ether solution of the silicone oil is washed with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The ether is evaporated off. Powdered boric oxide is added to the oil and heated to make the putty. These are chemicals the average person doesnt want to mess with, plus the initial reaction can be violent. There are safe and easy alternatives, though, that you can make with common household ingredients: Silly Putty Recipe #1 This recipe forms a slime with a thicker consistency, similar to that of putty. Solution of 55% Elmers glue solution in waterSolution of 16% sodium borate (Borax) in waterFood coloring (optional)Ziploc bags Mix together 4 parts of the glue solution with one part of the borax solution. Add food coloring, if desired. Refrigerate the mixture in the sealed bag when not in use. Silly Putty Recipe #2 The glue and starch recipe may also be seen as a slime recipe by some people, but the materials behavior is much like that of putty. 2 Parts Elmers white glue1 Part liquid starch Gradually mix the starch into the glue. More starch may be added if the mixture seems too sticky. Food coloring may be added, if desired. Cover and refrigerate the putty when not in use. This putty can be pulled, twisted, or cut with scissors. If the putty is left to rest, it will pool out, like a thick liquid. Things to Do With Silly Putty Silly putty bounces like a rubber ball (except higher), will break from a sharp blow, can be stretched, and will melt into a puddle after a length of time. If you flatten it and press it over comic book or some newpaper print, it will copy the image. Bouncing Silly Putty If you shape Silly Putty into a ball and bounce it off a hard, smooth surface it will bounce higher than a rubber ball. Cooling the putty improves its bounce. Try putting the putty in the freezer for an hour. How does it compare with warm putty? Silly Putty can have a rebound of 80%, meaning it can bounce back to 80% of the height from which it was dropped. Floating Silly Putty The specific gravity of Silly Putty is 1.14. This means it is more dense than water and would be expected to sink. However, you can cause Silly Putty to float. Silly Putty in its plastic egg will float. Silly putty shaped like a boat will float on the surface of water. If you roll Silly Putty into tiny spheres, you can float them by dropping them into a glass of water into which you have added a little vinegar and baking soda. The reaction produces bubbles of carbon dioxide gas, which will stick to the spheres of putty and cause them to float. As the gas bubbles fall off, the putty will sink. The Solid Liquid You can mold Silly Putty into a solid form. If you chill the putty, it will hold its shape longer. However, Silly Putty isnt really a solid. Gravity will take its toll, so any masterpiece you sculpt with Silly Putty will slowly soften and run. Try sticking a glob of Silly Putty to the side of your refrigerator. It will stay as a glob, showing your fingerprints. Eventually it will start to ooze down the side of the refrigerator. There is a limit to this it wont run like a drop of water. However, Silly Putty flows.

Stereotype paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Stereotype paper - Essay Example Moreover, I believe that there is no afterlife because there seems to be no purpose in it and no one has proven it so far. I am prejudiced against these pastors who spread the so-called â€Å"Word of God† in order to convince their congregation to buy everything that they say simply out of faith and perhaps for their own benefit, even if that benefit were only a smug feeling of satisfaction that they have done something good or others have followed them. The more they assert their beliefs, the more they make me feel that it is just easy for them to say those things because they live rich lives and they are not exactly the ones suffering. I believe their convictions about God would be different if they were the ones waiting for their execution in Rwanda or dying of cholera in Sierra Leone. Nevertheless, I have realized that Peter Ditto of the University of California-Irvine was right in saying that â€Å"people are much more skeptical processors of information [that] they don’t want to believe† (â€Å"How Pre-existing Beliefs,† 2012). Perhaps, my arguments were also flawed in that I have assumed that for God to exist, then He must be good, and that for heaven and the afterlife to make sense then they must at least require some proof. It appears that I was not able to consider the idea that God may exist but may be just and not kind, and He may have a purpose that I may not be able to comprehend. Moreover, the afterlife may really actually exist and that just because something does not have proof does not necessarily mean that it does not exist. Lastly, I may have committed the fallacy of argumentum ad hominem against pastors because I may have attacked them and their personal circumstances instead of their actual convictions (Walker, 2009). I may have unjustly assumed that they were rich and had good things happening around them all the time that is why I assumed that they would not be able to exactly understand how hard the poor