Property Notes Essay Example

Property Notes Essay TORRENS TITLE * System of title by enrollment as opposed to enlistment by title (Breskvar v Wall (1971) 126 CLR 376. * Indefeasibility-The enrolled owner holds the title liberated from every single unregistered intrigue. S42 Real Property Act 1900 (NSW). * Registration of a void instrument gives quick indefeasibility without extortion (Frazer v Walker [1967]] 1 AC 569. * Sir Garfield Barwick sitting on the Privy Council in Frazer v Walker portrayed it as: â€Å"a helpful depiction of the invulnerability from assault by unfriendly case to the land or enthusiasm for regard of which he is enlisted, which an enrolled owner enjoys† Special cases TO INDEFEASABILITY * FRAUD-on account of extortion an owner can be expelled from the register. Misrepresentation isn't notice, it is contemptibility or good turpitude (Assets v Mere Roihi [1905] AC 176 â€Å"Fraud must be carried home to the individual whose enlisted enthusiasm for looked to be arraigned, or to their specialists acting inside their power. † Fraud must happen before enlistment. Anything that happens after is dependent upon an in personam guarantee. EXPRESS EXCEPTIONS-Leases-s42(1)(d) RPA-under 3 years * Easements-s 42(1)(a1) * IN PERSONAM-The enlisted owner is dependent upon unregistered interests that they have made, for example, agreements, trusts and estoppel. (Barry v Heider (1914) 19 CLR 197 Bahr v Nicolay (1988) 164 CLR 603 * In 1979 the Bahrs acquired a permit of Crown Land in Western Australia. On the structure of business premises the Bahr’s could change the permit into a Crown Grant thus become the owners of the property. The Bahr ’s offered to Nicolay. Nicolay was exchange the property to them toward the finish of the 3 years. * During the multi year term Nicolay offered the property to the Thompson’s. * The agreement among Nicolay and the Thompsons contained an affirmation of the understanding among Nicolay and the Bahr’s (Clause 4 of the agreement. * After the Thompsons’s got enrolled as owners they initiated arrangements for the resale of the property as per their concurrence with Nicolay however later wouldn't move the property. The Thompson’s contended that they had unimportant notification of the Bahr’s intrigue as were not obliged to exchange and were not blameworthy of legal misrepresentation. * Mason and Dawson JJ. Misrepresentation, a â€Å"dishonest renouncement of an earlier intrigue which the enlisted owner has recognized or consented to perceive as the reason for getting title. * Wilson and Toohey JJ. No legal extortion †regardless it happened aft er enlistment. Direct gives ascend to a productive trust. * Brennan J guarantee contract and valuable trust. We will compose a custom exposition test on Property Notes explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Property Notes explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Property Notes explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The Torrens Assurance Fund * Section 129 of the RPA gives a solution for an individual for misfortune or harm against the Torrens Assurance Fund in regard of an enthusiasm for land, endured because of the activity of the RPA, where the misfortune or harm emerge from: * the enrollment of some other individual as owner of the land or an enthusiasm for the land (s 129(1) (b));  * the individual having been denied of the land or an enthusiasm for the land through extortion (s129(1)(e)). VOLUNTEERS Lord v Smail [1958] VR 273-precept of indefeasibility just secures true blue buyers. Volunteers not secured. Bogdanovic v Koteff (1988) 12 NSWLR 472 †NSW volunteers secured Mrs B cared for Mr K based on a guarantee that she would be given an enthusiasm for the house which would permit her to remain forever. Child acquired house. Breskvar v Wall applied no differentiation is made among volunteers and buyers thus indefeasibility is given to the child SHORT TERM LEASES Under 42(1)(d) of the Real Property Act, an enrolled intrigue is dependent upon a transient rent if: * The term of the rent is under 3 years including any alternatives, * The occupant is under lock and key or qualified for guaranteed ownership, * The enlisted owner before the individual in question got enlisted as owner had notice against which the person was not ensured: OVERRIDING STATUTES Pratten v Warringah Shire Council (1969) 90 WN (NSW) (Pt 1) 134, Barry v Heider (1914) 19 CLR 197 Barry was the enrolled owner of Torrens land. He had marked a report of move under which he consented to move his enthusiasm for the land to Schmidt for thought of ? 1,200. * The exchange expressed this had been paid, yet Barry’s proof was that he had gotten nothing. He guaranteed that he thought he was marking an agreement, not an exchange and that the concurred deal cost was ? 4,000. * Evidence was carried that the observer to Barry’s signature, a specialist named Peterson, was absent when Barry marked. The Certificate of Title not given to Schmidt in light of the fact that the land had been partitioned and another CT was to be given nor had the archives been enrolled on the grounds that they were looking out for the last region. Barry marked a letter approving the RG to convey the new CT to Schmidt when it gave. * Using the letter and marked Transfer as proof of his title to the land Schmidt made home loans over the property to Heider and Gale. Need DISPUTES Registered v Registered Under s 36(9) need between enrolled interests is controlled by the request for enlistment, not by the date of execution. Request of enrollment is controlled by the request for lodgment in â€Å"registrable form:† 36 (5) * â€Å"nemo dat quo non habet† Registered v Unregistered * Although impartial interests are perceived under Torrens title they are to some degree delicate in a need question. They might be quenched by enrolled intrigues except if they have been ensured by the lodgment of an admonition, or they exist as an exemption to indefeasibility. Unregistered v Unregistered * Since unregistered interests are by and large idea to be in the idea of evenhanded interests need is commonly controlled by the utilization of the standards utilized in choosing need questions between contending impartial interests over old framework land. It includes the quest for the best value (Rice v Rice). THREE STEP PROCESS * Look at the direct of the holder of the main intrigue and choose whether they have done whatever should bring about their enthusiasm being deferred. The significant thing to search for is direct that may delude the later comer into believing that there is no prior enthusiasm for presence; * If the holder of the main intrigue has submitted some demonstration or oversight that has had this impact at that point take a gander at the lead of the subsequent holder. First hope to check whether they have notice of the previous interests. In the event that they do they can't take need. On the off chance that they don’t, at that point you have to see who has the better value by weighing up the direct of both. * If the values are equivalent first in time will win. Deferring CONDUCT * not dealing with reports making the privilege * making too long to even consider bringing a move to ensure a privilege * not talking up to pull out of your case of a premium * Making misdirecting proclamations * Otherwise deceptive the second comer into feeling that you no longer have a premium MERE EQUITY * Latec Investments Ltd v Hotel Terrigal Pty Ltd (in liquidation) 113 CLR 265 THE RULE IN WALSH V LONSDALE * â€Å"Equity views as done what should be done† RULE IN LYSAGHT V EDWARDS The general standard of this standard is that without express understanding between the merchant and buyer the seller turns into a trustee of the property for the buyer once there is a substantial and restricting agreement between the gatherings. * This is known as the ‘doctrine of conversion’. The standard in Hunt v Luck [1902] 1 Ch â€Å".. ownership of the inhabitant is notice that he has some enthusiasm for the land, and that a buyer having notice of that re ality is bound, as indicated by the common principle, either to enquire what the intrigue is, or to offer impact to it, whatever it might be. † Productive NOTICE * S 164 Conveyancing Act 1919 NSW The sort of enquiries that a buyer should sensibly to make rely upon current great practices. This implies a buyer ought to at any rate embrace 2 kinds of enquiries: * The buyer has an obligation to truly assess the land (Barnhart v Greenshields, Hunt v Luck), and, * The buyer should look through the records of title and the register. Admonitions S74F RPA-Lodgment of provisos against dealings, possessory applications, plans and applications for abrogation of easements or extinguishment of prohibitive contracts. An admonition might be held up: * Where an individual professes to be qualified for a legitimate or impartial home or enthusiasm for the land; * Where the enrolled owner has lost the declaration of title and fears an ill-advised managing the land; * To forestall the giving of a possessory application;. * To forestall the inappropriate exercise by a mortgagee of an intensity of offer; * By the Registrar-General to secure enthusiasm of an individual under a legitimate inability or for the benefit of the Queen Rule in Person-to-Person Finances Pty Ltd v Sharari [1984] 1 NSWLR 745 [I]t s the settled act of capable specialists representing second or resulting mortgagees, to guarantee either the brief enrollment of the home loan or lodgement of an admonition ACTION| LEGAL EFFECT †TORRENS TITLE| Negotiation| None except if regulations, for example, estoppel apply| Exchange of Contracts| Purchaser gets evenhanded enthusiasm giving agreement is enforceable Lysaght v Edwards (1876)| Settl ement (fulfillment) and installment of Consideration| Purchaser gets endorsed type of move. Until r

Psychology questions Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brain research questions - Term Paper Example For Christian treatment and treatment when all is said in done, I think it’s important to, it could be said, dismiss these discoveries and embrace a master dynamic perspective that stresses the individual’s organization in confronting and fighting their clairvoyant difficulties and dysfunctions. 2. I accept that Freud’s hypotheses are an estimation of human instinct and the utilization of his terms like sense of self safeguard systems and the oblivious are not logically exact. I figure any treatment would profit by the parts of Freudian psychotherapy that try to locate the profound propensities of issues over a drawn out analytical period, yet that it is mistaken to accept that a restorative methodology that doesn’t include explicit Freudian methodologies and Freudian phrasing is inadequate. 3. In investigating Freud’s phase of psychosexual advancement I am attracted to the methods by which people have set stages and battles they should experience so as to formatively advance. While Freud is prevalently worried about the youth phases of improvement, he finishes up his psychosexual phases of advancement with the genital stage which incorporates huge parts of youthfulness and youthful adulthood (Mitchell 1996). At the point when I consider such stages in my own life I am attracted to the period after graduation from secondary school when I confronted a kind of close to home emergency with respect to my place on the planet and development. I moved toward this life stage sincerely and consistency in both school and my public activity; I would apply these standards to my restorative methodology as I accept they can be applied to a wide assortment of formative difficulties. 4. Thinking about death from a profound stance, I accept that it is fundamental for one to consider their own mortality and locate a specific significance or reason in their life. I don’t think it’s fundamentally basic that an individual grasp a faith in a the hereafter, however that they comprehend that their time on Earth is constrained and

Short Biology Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short Biology Questions - Assignment Example Studies additionally battle that, substantial space rock stones crushed dinosaurs’ spirits other than different creatures rendering them faltering and incapable to endure. By and by, scientistss allude to this crash as Asteroid Theory attributable to its huge effect that respected a huge pulverization of both the creature and vegetation. This added to the development of other serious life frames that could adapt adequately to the changed condition, consequently Charles Darwin’s contention â€Å"struggle for survival†. Researchers fought that the wild volcanic emissions confirm 65 Million years prior incited to the eradication of plant and creature life. Fundamentally, this was apparent in Mexican and Indian locales where the magma created secured various plants earlier driving its way into the ocean to pulverize dinosaurs’ inhabitance (Benton 64). What's more, volcanic ejections saved repulsive gasses into the air where thick residue frustrated daylight from coming to the planet’s surface for photosynthesis purposes. This activity denied other life frames particularly the creatures their essential food, which prompted their mass destruction and advancement of different creatures that could persevere through the then brutal conditions. The body cavities’ advancement bears a captivating history in the realm of animalia because of consistent modifying environmental factors where the creatures needed to adjust successfully to endure. Acoelomates phyla have an auxiliary body cavity however it is involved either circulatory or stomach related capacities. In certain occurrences, these phyla have body civilities involving both the stomach related and circulatory capacities as opposed to bearing a solitary kind (Benton 64). Pseudocoelomates have created body cavities however their attributes are a long way from the genuine optional pit or coelom. Essentially, Worm-like living things for the most part describe these phyla. Eucoelomates predominantly bear genuine coelom inferable from

Supply Stationary For A Period Three Years †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Supply Stationary For A Period Three Years? Answer: Introducation Segment 1324 of the Corporation Act 2001 gives that the court can give an order against a move which has made spot in contradiction of the CA by the executives of the organization. What's more the court may give harms to the individual who has made application for such request alongside or in replacement of the infusion request. On account of Phoenix Constructions Queensland Pty Ltd v Coastline Constructions Pty Ltd and McCracken [2011] QSC 167 the court needed to decide the utilization of segment 1324 of the CA which in outline expresses that an executive of official might be forced with a directive on the off chance that it is discovered that they have connected with or are intending to take part in an action which is against the arrangements of the organization demonstration. For this situation it was given by the court that s182 of the CA had been penetrated by the executive by utilizing his situation in the organization to bring disservice for the organization and increase individual favorable position as the chief didn't permit to cause the organization to get a specific property under a joint endeavor for making advantage his significant other. As per area 140 of the CA if an organization has a constitution or replaceable guidelines which are viable on such organization they have an impact of an agreement between every individual from the organization and the organization itself, between each executive and friends secretary of the organization and the organization itself, the individuals from the organization with different individuals through which each individual is has a consent to play out the principles and constitution to the extent relevant on the individual. On account of Hickman v Kent or Romney Marsh Sheep-Breeders' Association [1915] 1 Ch 881 it was decided by the court that the individuals reserve the privilege to drive the organization to submit to its constitution. As indicated by segment 232 of the CA the court has the privilege to make a request corresponding to segment 233 of the CA on the off chance that it is discovered that the undertakings of the organization comparable to a proposed or genuine oversight or act according to the organization or a proposed or taken goals by individuals, on the off chance that they are not helpful for the individuals from the organization or unjustifiably biased to, harsh to, or unreasonably unfair against individuals or any part in the limit. According to segment 233 of the CA the court may make a request against the organization to be ended up, canceling or adjustment to the current constitution of the organization, directing the future issues of the organization, restricting an individual from doing a lead or a demonstration or to cause an individual to do or submit a specific demonstration. On account of Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd (2009) 238 CLR 304 the court discovered that they can take a wide view comparable to segment 233 and 232 of the CA. Application In the given conditions Peter is an individual from Sparkles Ltd holding 5% of the offers in the organization. He has a privilege with the organization for a long time as indicated by which he is to gracefully fixed to the organization. As gave by segment 140 of the CA if an organization has a constitution or replaceable principles which are successful on such organization they have an impact of an agreement between the individual from the organization and the organization itself regarding the standards of such constitution. Along these lines it tends to be given that dwindle is in an agreement with Sparkles Ltd to flexibly them fixed for a time of three years. Anyway such agreements have been disregarded by the executives of the organization. Consequently according to the standards of segment 1324 of the CA, subside can make a case for order against the organization as it has damaged segment 140 of the CA. He would not exclusively be qualified for a directive to give confine the agr eement being provide for Office Pax Ltd yet additionally pay for any misfortune endured by him. Also he has the option to make a case for abusive cure under segment 232 of the CA as the chiefs of the organization are enjoying activity which isn't helpful for the enthusiasm of the organization. This is on the grounds that they are selling the benefits of the organization for an underestimate or intending to do so which is a break of area 233 of the CA. End Consequently Peter can guarantee cure of forestalling further infringement of the segment and remuneration for the misfortune brought about by the organization under segment 232 and 233 of the CA and an order under segment 1324 of the CA. References Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd (2009) 238 CLR 304 Enterprise Act 2001 (Cth) Hickman v Kent or Romney Marsh Sheep-Breeders' Association [1915] 1 Ch 881 Phoenix Constructions Queensland Pty Ltd v Coastline Constructions Pty Ltd and McCracken [2011] QSC 167

Can Paying off a Loan Hurt Your Credit Score

Can Paying off a Loan Hurt Your Credit Score Can Paying off a Loan Hurt Your Credit Score? Can Paying off a Loan Hurt Your Credit Score?Dont worry, it is very rare that paying off a personal loan will cause your score to drop, but it does happen every so often.Wait a minute, did you read that title right? Paying off a personal loan might lower your credit score?Unfortunately, it is indeed possible. Thankfully, it’s far from the norm. We’ll reiterate this point later on, but paying off your debts is almost always going to help your credit score.So if you only take one thing away from this article, it’s that you should pay your bills on time and in full.OK, now let’s actually address the question. But first, let’s go over credit scores.If you’re a regular reader of the Financial Sense Blog, you probably already know the factors that make up your credit score inside and out. But this could be someone’s first financial article ever! So we’ll just do a quick run-through.The three major credit bureaus, Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax collect financial informati on which is used to generate your FICO credit score. FICO scores  are a number between 300 and 850. The higher the score, the better loans you’ll be able to access and at better rates.There are five factors that go into your credit score. In descending order of importance, they are:payment historyamounts owed (also known as credit utilization)the length of your credit historycredit mixnew inquiriesWant a more in-depth break down of each of those factors and the activities you should pursue to positively affect them? Well, then we’ve got an article for you!Pretty much never.As we made clear in the opening paragraph, paying off your loans is almost always going to have a positive effect on your credit score.“Paying off your credit card or loan will never negatively impact your credit score,” advised Mike Pearson, founder of personal finance website  Credit Takeoff. “In fact, making on-time payments on your accounts is actually the single most important factor when it comes t o calculating your credit score. So where does this misconception come from?“I believe its when you pay off a credit card completely and then close the account. When you close a credit card, it can end up hurting your credit score because you have just lowered the amount of available credit you have, which will increase your credit utilization, which is the second most important credit score factor.“Generally, you want to keep a credit utilization under 30 percent. For example, say you have two credit cards, both with a $5,000 limit, and your credit card balance is $2,500. Since your balance is only 25 percent of your total available credit between your two cards, you are in good shape. However, look at what happens when you close one of those credit cards.Suddenly, your total available credit is only $5,000 in total. And if you have a $2,500 balance, your credit utilization has just doubled to 50 percent. In this instance, your credit score will definitely drop as a result of having a high credit utilization.“In short: paying off your credit card will never hurt your score, only when you close the card for good.”So that’s the story with credit cards. But perhaps there are some instances where paying off an installment loan will have a negative impact on your credit score?But not quite never.There are actually a few instances where paying off a loan may have a somewhat negative impact on your score.“In general, paying down a balance will help your credit rating,” explained Todd Christensen, education manager for  Money Fit by DRS, Inc. (@MoneyFitbyDRS). “Paying it off is even better. That said, there is some gray area where some balance payoffs may not help much if at all. This is particularly true for old collection accounts that are about to fall off your credit report or already have.“If the debts are no longer reporting to your credit (in theory, seven years from the last time your account changed status, such as from on time to late or from late to paid as agreed, though in practice seven-and-a-half years is what you can expect), they have no impact on your credit rating.By paying them down or off, you are possibly changing the reporting status form late or default to paid, which could restart the seven-year reporting period. But such accounts, even though paid, would still report for those seven years as a collection or charged off account, albeit with a $0 balance.“Paying a balance down to $0 is one of the best things you can usually do to build or rebuild your credit. After keeping your account status in the ‘paid as agreed’ range, lowering your account balances should be your next priority.“It is not an easy choice. Most people want to pay off or down their debts. In cases of very old debts, doing so can complicate, if not damage, your credit rating. It never hurts to ask the collection agency or creditor holding your old debt to accept the payment but not to restart the credit reporting period. Just g etting it in writing.”Dave Sullivan, vice-president of marketing for the People Driven Credit Union (@peopledrivencu) reiterated that paying off a loan can occasionally lower your credit score and urged the always important advice of looking at each instance on a case-by-case basis:“Paying an installment loan off can also reduce a credit score if there are no other installment or mortgage accounts on the credit history. As with all credit advice, it depends on the individuals credit profile.”There’s also the issue of student loans. While paying off your student loans is, of course, something to be celebrated, it’s not unlikely that doing so will cause a hit to your credit score. We’ve actually covered the phenomenon previously.Lastly, there are no credit check loans like payday loans, cash advances, title loans, and other types of bad credit loans. Many of these lenders dont report payment information, which means that the loans wont affect your score at allâ€"unless it gets sold to a debt collector.So to sum up, you should pay off your debts. Just know there is a chance your credit score could go down and plan accordingly if necessary. To learn more about how you can improve your credit score, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsCredit Utilization Ratio: Why It’s Important, and How to Master ItNo Credit Card? Here Are 6 Ways You Can Still Fix Your Credit ScoreHow to Build Credit When You Have No Credit at AllDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsAuthor and Accredited Financial Counselor ®, Todd R. Christensen, MIM, MA, is Education Manager at  Money Fit by DRS, Inc. (@MoneyFitbyDRS), a nationwide nonprofit financial wellness and credit counseling agency. Todd develops educational programs and produces materials that teach personal financial skills and responsibilities to all ages. Having facilitated nearly two thousand workshops since 2004 on the fundamentals of effective money management, he based his first book, Everyday Money for Everyday People (2014), on the discussions, tips, stories and ideas shared by the tens of thousands of individuals and couples in attendance.Mike  Pearson  is the founder of  Credit Takeoff, a research-driven personal finance site for people looking to improve their credit. A proud member of the 800 Credit Club,  Mike  writes about practical steps that everyday consumers can take to increase their credit scores. His advice on credit repair and credit scores has appeared in QuickBooks, Go Banking Rates, and MortgageLoan.com.Dave Sullivan  is the VP of Marketing for People Driven Credit Union. He started in the mortgage industry as a loan officer in 1991. Less than one year later started selling credit reports to Mortgage Companies, Banks and Credit Unions. On September 19, 1997, he started AIR Credit Midwest out of his car. Over the next two years, Air Credit Midwest grew to a multi-million dollar company. In 2000, He sold Air Credit Midwest to one of the largest credit reporting bureaus. In 2011, Sullivan started a  YouTube channel providing free advice on improving your credit. He is the author of the book Transform Your Credit.

TuesdACT Conjunctions in ACT English

Conjunctions are the mediators of the grammar world. They bring words and phrases together and say, â€Å"Hey, you guys go together like peas AND carrots.† Or, they agree to disagree: â€Å"You’re cool, BUT we have really different opinions.† Or they sometimes get feisty and issue ultimatums: â€Å"We are going to have to break up UNLESS you come up with a really amazing promposal.† Photo by  seventeen You get the idea. Conjunctions bring words and phrases together to the table to talk, and we all find out how they relate to one another. The ACT is all about conjunctions. It will test you not only to make sure you know how to use conjunctions correctly grammatically but also that you know how to pick which one to use to convey the intentions of a sentence or sentence(s). There are two major categories of conjunctions you need to be familiar with: coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions. Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions are the FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. They are the ones used to create compound sentences when combined with a comma, but they can also just connect any words or phrases and show how they relate. (â€Å"I like pizza and ice cream.† â€Å"I like pizza, but I don’t like ice cream.†) Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions provide a transition between ideas and subordinate a clause to a main clause. There are many subordinating conjunctions. Here are a few common ones: after, although, because, if, than, that, when, where, while, before, as soon as, since, though, unless, until, once For example, â€Å"I plan to launch my career as a poet once I finish this novel I am writing because my English teacher told me I could do it for extra credit.† In this example above, the main clause is, â€Å"I plan to launch my career as a poet.† The subordinating conjunction â€Å"once† gives us more information on when the speaker plans to launch her poetic career and the second subordinating conjunction â€Å"because† gives more information on why the writer is writing a novel first. These subordinating conjunctions are subordinating the phrases to the main clause and clearly showing how they build on the main clause. The Logic of Conjunctions Often the ACT will check to make sure you understand the underlying message a sentence is trying to convey and that you can pick the correct conjunction to do this. Take a look at this example: The first few months have been relatively dry because/although weather forecasters predicted a rainy year. Should it be â€Å"because† or â€Å"although†? â€Å"Because† doesn’t quite make sense because if forecasters predicted a rainy year we wouldn’t expect the first few months to be relatively dry. And they definitely aren’t dry because forecasters said they would be rainy. â€Å"Although† correctly sets up the contradiction between the two parts. And we’ve nailed what the sentence is trying to convey: even though forecasters said it would be rainy, it’s actually been dry so far. Of course, it gets a little more complicated on the ACT, but the important thing when it comes to conjunctions is that you are on the lookout not only for grammar but also for sense.

Isolation and Analysis of Essential Oils Using Gas...

Isolation and Analysis of Essential Oils using Gas Chromatography Lyndon Justin T. Guzman Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City Date Performed: February 2; February 4, 2011 Date Submitted: February 18, 2011 Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to isolate the essential oil from eucalyptus leaves as a pure compound; moreover, the components of the essential oil, camphor and limonene, will be then separated using gas chromatography technique, identify the components by their retention times, and compute for the concentration and percentage content of each component by their peak areas and peak heights. The volatile oil from eucalyptus leaves was isolated with the use of steam distillation setup,†¦show more content†¦Since the total vapor pressure is the sum of the individual vapor pressures, the total vapor pressure must become equal to atmospheric pressure at a temperature below the boiling point of either pure substance (Ault, 1983). The mixture thus distills at a temperature below the boiling point of either pure component. This can be explained using a combination of Dalton’s and Raoult’s Law: Patm = XAP °A + XBP °B where Patm is the atmospheric pressure, XA and XB are the mole fractions of compounds A and B, and P °A and P °B are the vapor pressures of pure liquids A and B. Their individual contributions are dependent on their respective mole fractions, and both liquids contribute to the vapor pressure of the system (Institute of Chemistry, UPD, 2010). In this experiment, a major constituent of volatile oils from eucalyptus leaves will be isolated as a pure compound with high purity via steam distillation. These essential oils are camphor and limonene and by using the gas chromatography technique, the different components of the eucalyptus essential oil will be separated. 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